Russian mercenary operations in Mali have deepened tensions within the military junta and its army, according to a new investigation. Wagner fighters, deployed after French and UN forces were expelled in 2021, often ran independent missions using Malian army equipment — sometimes without authorization. These actions resulted in lost gear, abandoned soldiers, and mounting frustration among local troops who said Russians received preferential treatment, such as scarce medical evacuations.

Wagner officially announced its departure in June, but the Kremlin-backed Africa Corps, composed of 70–80% former Wagner fighters, remains. Rights groups such as Human Rights Watch continue to accuse both Wagner and Malian forces of atrocities against civilians.

Earlier this month, Mali arrested over 30 soldiers and officers accused of plotting against the junta. Investigators say their grievances included resentment that “Russians” appeared to remain in charge of bases. Defense Minister Sadio Camara, sanctioned by Washington in 2023 for securing Wagner’s entry, is believed to have backed the deal. But President Assimi Goita blocked Wagner from obtaining mining rights, leaving the group with no stable revenue in Mali.

The Sentry concludes Wagner’s presence left Mali with no viable business partnerships, worsening relations with the army and exposing weaknesses in Russia’s African strategy. Its once fearsome image has been undercut by repeated battlefield losses to Tuareg rebels and jihadist groups.