The European Union has confirmed the reinstatement of sanctions on Iran, restoring restrictions lifted under the 2015 nuclear accord. The move follows a UN decision and marks a sharp response to Tehran’s alleged non-compliance, which Iranian officials deny.

Sanctions and Their Scope

The sanctions target Iran’s Central Bank and major financial institutions, cutting access to European markets. They ban the purchase and transport of Iranian crude, restrict gold and dual-use equipment sales, and impose travel bans on select officials. The EU Council said the measures are intended to block funding for Iran’s nuclear and ballistic programs.

Iran’s Defiance and Retaliation

Iran has denounced the EU’s action as “economic warfare.” Al Jazeera reported that Tehran recalled its ambassadors from London, Paris and Berlin, while parliamentarians urged the government to intensify uranium enrichment. Officials also warned that cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency would be curtailed.

Broader Geopolitical Fallout

Analysts say the EU’s decision brings Europe closer to the U.S. line after years of divergence. French President Emmanuel Macron earlier warned sanctions were imminent, citing Tehran’s accelerating nuclear activity. The UN Security Council had already rejected proposals to extend sanctions relief, clearing the path for the snapback.