According to the Russian Energy Ministry, the new agreement includes both uranium extraction and a broader ambition to build a full-fledged civilian nuclear sector in Niger. “Our goal is not only to participate in uranium extraction, but to create a complete civil nuclear development system in Niger,” Tsivilyov stated.

No specific mention was made about the fate of former French-operated mining assets, but the announcement follows a pattern of Russia deepening its ties with African nations that have distanced themselves from Western influence. The Kremlin has framed its partnerships on the continent as part of a broader campaign for sovereign development.

Post-Coup Realignment And Uranium Nationalization

Since the July 2023 coup, Niger’s ruling military junta has cut ties with France and embraced alliances with Russia, which now offers security cooperation and economic support. The junta had previously stated it intended to overhaul how foreign companies access Niger’s mineral wealth.

In December 2024, French uranium company Orano officially lost operational control of its three major subsidiaries in Niger—Somaïr, Cominak (closed in 2021), and the Imouraren site, one of the world’s largest uranium deposits. In May, Orano confirmed that several actors had expressed interest in taking over its former mining sites, and by June, the Nigerien military regime had nationalized Somaïr.

Although Russian officials have not confirmed any immediate plans to take over Orano's former assets, the memorandum suggests that Moscow sees a long-term opportunity to expand its footprint in Niger’s strategic mining sector.

Uranium’s Role In Niger’s Economy

Uranium was first discovered in Niger in 1957 and has played a central role in the country’s export economy since production began in 1971. In 2023 alone, Niger produced 3,527 tons of uranium, accounting for 6.3% of global output, according to data from GlobalData.

With the West African nation now seeking new investment to develop its resources under sovereign control, the Russian-Nigerian deal signals a major reorientation of partnerships in the Sahel—particularly as France’s economic and diplomatic footprint continues to shrink.