Amid growing evidence of covert operations under diplomatic cover, the EU on 7 October 2025 moved to limit Russian diplomats’ internal travel. The new measure requires prior notice to host states before border crossings, marking a major shift in EU counterintelligence. Officials say it aims to curb agents exploiting diplomatic immunity for unrestricted movement and cross-border espionage within the Schengen area.

How the Restrictions Work

Diplomats stationed in EU capitals must notify host countries before leaving their post nation, with the rule also covering family members and mission or consular staff. Some drafts suggest travel permits may be required for cross-border movement. Belgian and Czech proposals frame this as reciprocity, arguing that unrestricted mobility should not be granted to Russian envoys given concerns over misuse of diplomatic cover.

Security Threats Cited as Justification

European intelligence agencies report a surge in hybrid tactics by Moscow-linked actors—sabotage of industrial and energy infrastructure, state cyberattacks, drone incursions into sensitive airspace, and arson or explosions at logistic nodes—allegedly carried out by operatives exploiting diplomatic privileges to avoid detection. In multiple cases, expelled diplomatic staff have reportedly re-entered or operated from neighbouring states, using cross-border movement as a loophole to evade counterintelligence.

Political Negotiations & Internal Opposition

The measure advanced after Hungary lifted its veto, paving the way for consensus. Budapest had previously blocked travel restrictions from inclusion in the wider sanctions package. However, final approval may face delays due to Austria’s push to link eased limits on Russian business assets to the broader deal. Diplomats warn that tying humanitarian or financial provisions to the sanctions could jeopardize the package’s cohesion.

Legal and Practical Challenges

Because most EU members belong to the Schengen zone, internal border checks are largely eliminated, making enforcement difficult. Observers say the policy’s success will rely on electronic tracking, visa controls, and stronger intelligence sharing among capitals. Another challenge stems from the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which grants extensive protections to accredited diplomats, meaning exceptions or special provisions may be needed to prevent retaliation or legal disputes.