France Test-Fires New Submarine-Launched Nuclear-Capable M51.3 Missile

France launched its upgraded M51.3 submarine-launched ballistic missile without a nuclear warhead on Tuesday, advancing the modernization of its deterrent as tensions with Russia remain elevated.

The missile was fired from Le Vigilant off Brittany. France’s defense ministry said the operation was intended to certify the submarine’s ability to deploy the weapon after an extensive maintenance overhaul.

The ministry said the missile carried no payload and that the test met France’s international obligations.

Submarine Readiness

The M51.3 entered service in October 2025. The ministry described Tuesday’s launch as the first test of the latest-generation missile.

Its precise range remains undisclosed. Public estimates put the M51 missile family’s reach at roughly 9,000 kilometers or more, while French officials say the upgraded version can fly farther.

France’s four ballistic missile submarines anchor the maritime component of its nuclear deterrent.

The country also maintains nuclear weapons delivered by aircraft.

Macron’s Deterrent Push

President Emmanuel Macron presented the launch as evidence of France’s growing military strength.

“Today we are stronger. The message has been sent loud and clear for wherever it must be received,” he said in a video posted on X that showed him watching the launch.

In March, Macron announced plans to increase France’s nuclear arsenal and proposed closer cooperation with European partners.

His initiative includes joint exercises, deeper consultations and potential temporary deployments of nuclear-capable assets on allied territory.

France spends approximately €5.6 billion annually on maintaining an arsenal of 290 submarine- and air-launched nuclear weapons, the world’s fourth-largest.

Tensions With Moscow

The defense ministry’s announcement did not refer to Russia.

However, the launch followed President Vladimir Putin’s warning last week against Western threats to Kaliningrad during the confrontation over Ukraine.

The Russian exclave lies between Poland and Lithuania. Moscow has said it could use nuclear weapons to defend the territory if necessary.

NATO has rejected the suggestion that its activities threaten Russian territory.

Putin, meanwhile, said Russia had no intention of attacking a European country and sought peaceful coexistence.