European and Ukrainian officials briefed on the proposal said Putin’s plan includes two phases: first, Ukraine would withdraw from Donetsk and freeze the battle lines; second, Trump and Putin would agree on a final peace plan to be negotiated later with Zelensky. Russia currently occupies most of Donetsk and Luhansk but seeks formal recognition of its sovereignty over these areas and Crimea.

Uncertainty remains over Zaporizhzhia and Kherson, where Russia controls portions of territory. A U.S. official indicated that Putin suggested freezing current lines there, followed by potential land swaps to secure full Russian control, though it is unclear what Ukraine would receive in return.

Mixed Reactions From Allies

European officials are wary, suspecting Putin’s offer may be intended to stall while avoiding further U.S. sanctions and tariffs. Trump’s stated deadline for a ceasefire has already passed, but he has signaled flexibility as talks continue.

While some leaders, such as Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, expressed cautious optimism that the conflict might be “frozen,” Kyiv has reiterated that Ukraine’s constitution prohibits territorial concessions without its consent. Russia’s stepped-up attacks, including strikes on civilian areas in Kyiv, have further strained the prospects for an immediate agreement.