Russia has officially recognised the Taliban government of Afghanistan, becoming the first nation to do so since the group seized power in 2021. Moscow’s acceptance of the Taliban-appointed ambassador signals a new chapter in bilateral relations, with promises of collaboration in security, economic development, and regional stability.

Russia Ends Diplomatic Isolation of Taliban-Led Afghanistan

In a landmark move, the Russian Foreign Ministry announced on July 3 that it had accepted the credentials of Afghanistan’s new ambassador, effectively recognising the Taliban government. “We believe that the act of official recognition of the government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan will give impetus to the development of productive bilateral cooperation,” the ministry said.

Moscow committed to deepening ties with Kabul in areas such as security, counter-terrorism, anti-narcotics, and trade—including sectors like energy, transport, and infrastructure.

Taliban Applauds ‘Courageous Step’

Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi praised Russia’s decision, calling it a “courageous step” and expressing hope that other nations would follow suit. While China, the UAE, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan have sent ambassadors to Kabul, none has granted formal recognition—making Russia’s move significant.

Western Sanctions and Women’s Rights Hurdle Wider Recognition

The Taliban administration remains internationally isolated, with the United States freezing Afghan central bank assets and maintaining sanctions on top Taliban officials. Western countries have conditioned any recognition on improvements in human rights, particularly women’s rights. The Taliban continues to restrict women’s education and mobility, despite claiming to uphold rights based on its interpretation of Islamic law.

Security Concerns and Historical Context

Russia’s recognition comes in the wake of heightened regional security concerns. President Vladimir Putin has labelled the Taliban an ally in the fight against terrorism, especially after Islamic State Khorasan (ISIS-K)—a rival of the Taliban—was blamed for a deadly attack near Moscow in March 2024 that killed 149 people.

Russia lifted its 2003 designation of the Taliban as a terrorist organisation in April 2025, citing pragmatic needs in regional security cooperation. The move also marks a full-circle moment in Russia-Afghanistan relations, decades after the Soviet Union’s invasion and withdrawal from the country left thousands of Soviet soldiers dead and Afghanistan devastated.