The protests erupted on the anniversary of Saba Saba, a historical date marking Kenya’s 1990 pro-democracy movement. Demonstrators took to the streets demanding reforms and condemning state corruption and tax hikes. Police deployed in large numbers, blocking roads and using tear gas and live ammunition to disperse crowds, particularly on the outskirts of Nairobi, as well as in Kiambu and Kajiado.

The Human Rights Commission said this latest wave of violence marks the highest protest-related death toll in Kenya since the movement against President William Ruto began in mid-2024. Many of the demonstrators were young people disillusioned with economic hardship and broken political promises.

The United Nations expressed “deep concern” over the use of excessive force and confirmed reports of civilian deaths and injuries. Kenyan police were also accused of forcibly disappearing protesters in the days following the demonstrations.

President Ruto responded by claiming the protests aimed to “illegally” overthrow the government and warned that security forces would respond with lethal force if attacked. His administration previously faced mass demonstrations over a controversial budget bill that raised taxes.

Observers warn the current crisis could tarnish Kenya’s reputation as a stable democracy in a region plagued by political turmoil. Rights groups continue to demand accountability and an end to the violent suppression of dissent.