Congo and the M23 rebel group have agreed on a declaration of principles to end the ongoing conflict in eastern Congo. The agreement is expected to be signed in Doha, marking a significant step after months of mediation led by Qatar and under considerable US diplomatic pressure. However, critical details remain unresolved, such as the withdrawal of troops and the release of M23 prisoners held by Congo.

Sources familiar with the negotiations said the declaration will commit both sides to an immediate ceasefire and formal negotiations towards a comprehensive peace agreement. The framework includes provisions for restoring state authority in eastern Congo and outlines a mechanism for a permanent ceasefire.

The US has been a key player in pushing for this agreement, viewing stability in eastern Congo as essential for attracting investment in the region’s vast mineral wealth, including tantalum, gold, cobalt, copper, and lithium. American officials have also hosted talks between Congo and Rwanda, accusing Rwanda of supporting M23 militarily. Rwanda denies these allegations, insisting its forces act only in self-defense.

President Donald Trump has warned of “very severe penalties” if agreements are broken. US envoy Massad Boulos has played a central role in advancing talks in both Doha and Washington.

Despite the progress in Doha, fundamental issues linger. M23 sources stated that the declaration does not mention any rebel withdrawal, while questions over Rwanda’s involvement remain a sticking point. The fighting this year has killed thousands, displaced hundreds of thousands, and risks triggering wider regional conflict.

A March meeting between Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwandan President Paul Kagame in Doha had called for an "immediate and unconditional" ceasefire, which paved the way for these latest talks.