Sources familiar with diplomatic discussions told Axios that Putin privately conveyed support for a “zero enrichment” deal in recent conversations with both U.S. President Donald Trump and French President Emmanuel Macron. This recommendation follows a 12-day military conflict that left significant damage to Iran’s nuclear facilities.

Publicly, Russia has long defended Iran’s right to enrich uranium. But behind closed doors, European and Israeli officials report that Putin has pressured Iran to accept a more restrictive agreement. "We know that this is what Putin told the Iranians," a senior Israeli official confirmed, adding that Russia even briefed Israel directly on the new position.

The change in Moscow’s stance appears motivated by both the fallout of the recent conflict and frustration with Iran’s support for Russia in Ukraine, which Iranian officials felt was not reciprocated beyond symbolic gestures.

Russia Offers Fuel, But Iran Refuses Terms

As part of the new plan, Russia has proposed to take custody of Iran’s existing stockpile of highly enriched uranium and provide fuel enriched to 3.67% for nuclear power, and limited quantities of 20% enriched uranium for medical and research purposes.

However, Iranian officials continue to insist on the right to enrich uranium within their borders. “The Iranians said they won’t consider it,” a European diplomat told Axios, underscoring Tehran’s resistance despite increasing pressure.

U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff has been in contact with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi about resuming formal nuclear talks. A potential meeting in Oslo was discussed, but both parties appear hesitant and are considering alternative venues.

Meanwhile, Israeli officials are reportedly preparing for renewed military action should negotiations break down, and believe that Trump might authorize further strikes if Iran restarts enrichment activities.